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South Africa Medal (1880)
The South Africa Medal (1880), often referred to as the Zulu War Medal, is a campaign medal that was instituted in 1880 and awarded by the British Government to members of the British Army, Royal Naval Brigade and Colonial Volunteers who were involved in a series of South African tribal wars in the Cape of Good Hope, Colony of Natal and Transvaal between 1877 and 1879, most notably for the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.〔(The Zulu War Medals on The South African Military History Society website )〕
==Institution==
In 1854 Queen Victoria had given approval for the award of the South Africa Medal (1853) to members of the British Army who had served in any one of the three South African Xhosa Wars of 1834–36, 1846–47 and 1850–53 on the Eastern Frontier of the Cape of Good Hope.〔
Between 1877 and 1879 a number of particularly difficult punitive expeditions were mounted by the British against Xhosa, Zulu and Basuto tribes in the eastern area of the Cape of Good Hope and northern Natal, as well as against the Bapedi of Chief Sekhukhune in the northern Transvaal. In 1880 a medal was sanctioned for these campaigns that was a new version of the South Africa Medal (1853) with a modified reverse design.〔(The Fitzwilliam Museum Collection – South Africa General Service Medal, with bar for 1879, awarded to Sgt. R. Muir, 1880 ) Retrieved 2015-03-08〕
While Army Order no. 103 of August 1880, which instituted the new South Africa Medal (1880), made no mention of any change in design of the 1854 medal, the year "1853" in the older medal's reverse exergue was replaced by a military trophy consisting of a Zulu ox-hide shield and four crossed assegais. The obverse of the new medal remained identical to that of the earlier medal.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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